# Custom Shape Module

## Custom-shape Module introduction

The custom shape module allows you to create new shapes for Dia without writing any C code. Instead, you just have to write a simple XML file describing the shape. This opens up the job of creating new shapes for dia to non programmers as well.

The actual shape is described using a subset of the SVG specification. The line, polyline, polygon, rect, circle, ellipse, path and g elements are supported. Note that the path element only supports the M,m,L,l,H,h,V,v,C,c,S,s,A,a,Z and z commands. Transformations and CSS units are not supported (only `user' units are), and only a limited set of the CSS attributes are supported.

A number of connection points can be associated with the shape, which are specified in the same coordinate system as the shape description. One of the connection points should be marked as the main connection point. This main connection point will be used if a line is dragged onto the object but not on one of it's connection points.

A text box can be associated with the shape. The text box is also specified in the same coordinate system as the shape description.

To choose size and position of the text box, you can think of one rectangle to contain the text box, and another one to contain all other svg elements (call it the image rectangle): When you get the shape to the canvas, and write some text, all of it has to go inside the text box; if necessary, this text box will grow, and, in the same proportion, the image rectangle will also grow.

The rest is taken care of for you (resizing, moving, line connection, loading, saving, undo, etc).

## Shapes

A typical shape file may look something like this:

    <?xml version="1.0"?>
      <shape xmlns="http://www.daa.com.au/~james/dia-shape-ns"
             xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
        <name>Circuit with identifiers - NPN Transistor</name>
        <icon>npn.xpm</icon>
        <connections>
          <point x="0" y="0"/>
          <point x="6" y="-4" main="yes"/>
          <point x="6" y="4"/>
        </connections>

        <aspectratio type="fixed"/>

        <textbox x1="4" y1="-3" x2="12" y2="3" />

        <svg:svg>
          <svg:line x1="0" y1="0" x2="3" y2="0" />
          <svg:line x1="3" y1="-3" x2="3" y2="3" />
          <svg:line x1="3" y1="-2" x2="6" y2="-4" />
          <svg:line x1="3" y1="2" x2="6" y2="4" />

          <svg:polyline points="5,4 6,4 5.6154,3.0769" />
        </svg:svg>

      </shape>

Only the `name` and `svg` elements are required in the shape file. The rest are optional.

The `name` element give the name of the object. The name is a unique identifier for this shape that is used for saving and loading.

As in the example, you may use "compound names". Many shapes have first part of its name to indicate the sheet in which they appear, but this is optional.

The `icon` element specifies an xpm file or a png file that is used as the icon in the dia toolbox. The filename can be relative to the shape file. If it is not given, a default custom shape icon will be used.

The `connections` section specifies a number of connection points for the shape. The coordinate system for these points is the same as the coordinate system used in the svg shape description.

The `aspectratio` element allows you to specify how the shape can be distorted. The three possibilities are:

- `<aspectratio type="free"/>` - Any aspect ratio is OK (the default)

- `<aspectratio type="fixed"/>` - Fix the aspect ratio for this shape.

- `<aspectratio type="range" min="n" max="m"/>` - Give a range of values.

The last option allows you to specify a range of allowable amounts of distortion, which may be useful in some cases.

The `textbox` element allows you to associate some text with the shape. The syntax is:

              <textbox x1="left" y1="top" x2="right" y2="bottom"/>

(Only one textbox per shape) Where the attributes give the bounds of the text box in the same coordinate system as the SVG shape description.

There are some optional attributes on <textbox/> namely

resize="no" :

- by default the textbox is resized with the text

align="center" :

- "center" is default, also "left" and "right" can be used

Shapes are given a default size on creation. If that default size does not fit your needs you can overwrite it by (one or both): <default-width>1cm</default-width> <default-height>3cm</default-height> The default unit "cm" can be omitted.

The `svg` element describes the shape. The width and height attributes are ignored, and only given to comply with the SVG specification. For more information on SVG, see the W3C pages about the format at: http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG

The next section details what parts of the SVG spec can be used in shape files.

## The Shape Description

The Scalable Vector Graphics format is used to describe the shape. That is why the separate namespace is used for that part of the file.

### Style attribute

Each of the SVG drawing elements understands the style attribute. The attribute should be of the form:

    <svg:whatever style="name1: value1; name2: value2; ... name42: value42"/>

Currently only the following style attributes are understood:

- `stroke-width` - The width of the line, relative to the user specified width.

- `stroke-linecap` - The line cap style. One of `butt`, `round`, `square`, `projecting` (a synonym for `square`), or `default`.

- `stroke-linejoin` - The line join style. One of `miter`, `round`, `bevel` or `default`.

- `stroke-pattern` - The dash pattern. One of `none`, `dashed`, `dash-dot`, `dash-dot-dot`, `dotted` or `default`.

- `stroke-dashlength` - The length of the dashes in the dash pattern, in relation to the user selected value (`default` is a synonym for 1.0).

- `stroke` - The stroke colour. You can use one of the symbolic names `foreground`, `fg`, `default`, `background`, `bg inverse`, `text` or `none`, or use a hex colour value of the form `#rrggbb`.

- `fill` - The fill colour. The same values as for stroke are used, except that the meaning of `default` and `inverse` are exchanged. By default, elements are not filled, so to get the default fill, use "`fill: default`"

So to draw a rectangle with a hairline stroke, the following would do the trick:

    <svg:rect style="stroke-width: 0" x="..." y="..." width="..."
      height="..."/>

Ordinates x and y grow as in Dia.

### Recognised drawing elements

The recognised drawing elements are:

- `<svg:g>`

  This is the group element. You can place other drawing elements inside it. The contents of the style attribute on a group element will propagate to the contained elements (unless they override it).

- `<svg:line x1="..." y1="..." x2="..." y2="..."/>`

  This element is a line.

- `<svg:polyline points="...."/>`

  This is a polyline. That is, a number of connected line segments. The points attribute holds the coordinates of the end points for the line segments. The coordinates are separated by white space or commas. The suggested format is "x1,y1 x2,y2 x3,y3 ...".

- `<svg:polygon points="...."/>`

  This is a polygon. The points argument has the same format as the polyline.

- `<svg:rect x1="..." y1="..." width="..." height="..."/>`

  This is a rectangle. The upper left corner is (x1,y1), and the lower right corner is (x1+width,y1+height).

- `<svg:image x1="..." y1="..." width="..." height="..." xlink:href="..." />`

  This is an external image. The upper left corner is (x1,y1), and the lower right corner is (x1+width,y1+height). Their are two forms of links supported, an absolute filename of the form "`file:///home/user/image.png`" or a relative one without the "`file://`" prefix like in "`image.png`". The latter form is preferred because it is installation independent. The filename is relative to the shape file placement. In the above example PNG and shape need to be in the same directory. Inlined image data is also supported with xlink:href="data:image/png;base64,..."

- `<svg:circle cx="..." cy="..." r="..."/>`

  This is a circle with centre (cx,cy) and radius r.

- `<svg:ellipse cx="..." cy="..." rx="..." ry="..."/>`

  This is a ellipse with centre (cx, cy) and radius rx in the x direction and ry in the y direction.

- `<svg:path d="...."/>`

  This is the most complicated drawing element. It describes a path made up of line segments and bezier curves. It currently does not support the elliptic arc or quadratic bezier curves. The d string is made up of a number of commands of the form "`x arg1 arg2 ...`" where x is a character code identifying the command, and the arguments are numbers separated by white space or commas. Each command has an absolute and relative variant. The absolute one are spelled with an upper case letter. The relative ones are spelled with a lower case letter, and use the end point of the previous command as the origin.

  The supported commands are:

  - `M x,y` - Move cursor

  - `L x,y` - Draw a line to (x,y)

  - `H x` - Draw a horizontal line to x

  - `V y` - Draw a vertical line to y

  - `C x1,y1 x2,y2, x3,y3` - Draw a bezier curve to (x3,y3) with (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) as control points. C (uppercase) indicates that absolute coordinates will follow; c (lowercase) indicates that relative coordinates will follow.

  - `S x1,y1 x2,y2` - Same as above, but draw a `smooth' bezier. That is, infer the first control point from the previous bezier. S (uppercase) indicates that absolute coordinates will follow; s (lowercase) indicates that relative coordinates will follow.

  - `A (rx ry x-axis-rotation large-arc-flag sweep-flag x y)+` - Draw an elliptical arc from the current point to (x, y). The size and orientation of the ellipse are defined by two radii (rx, ry) and an x-axis-rotation. The center is automatically calculated. large-arc-flag and sweep-flag contribute to the automatic calculations and help determine how the arc is drawn. A (uppercase) indicates that absolute coordinates will follow; a (lowercase) indicates that relative coordinates will follow.

  - `Z` - Close the path.

  If the path is closed with `z` or `Z`, then it can be filled. Otherwise, it will just be drawn.

- `<svg:text x="..." y="..." style="...">...</svg:text>`

  A text in the shape. The text has to be enclosed in the tags

  The parameters are:

  - `x,y` - The text position

  - `style` - Text formatting options

    The following style options are supported:

    - `font-size` - font size in pt

## Shapes in Shapes aka. Subshapes

Adding indepentently resizable symbols into your custom shapes is possible by creating subshapes. This is done by some extra attributes on the group element.

    <svg:g
     subshape="true"
     v_anchor="fixed.bottom"
     h_anchor="fixed.left"
     default_scale="1.0">

v_anchorSupported values: `"fixed.top"` `"fixed.bottom"` `"proportional"`

- The vertical anchoring of the subshape.

h_anchor Supported values are: `"fixed.left"` `"fixed.right"` `"proportional"`

- The horizontal anchoring of the subshape.

default_scale

- currently unused

## Extented Attributes

To extend your custom shape with custom attributes you can put something like:

      <ext_attributes>
        <ext_attribute name="Integer" type="int" />
        <ext_attribute name="String" type="string" />
        <ext_attribute name="Float" type="real" />
      </ext_attributes>

between the `<shape></shape>` tags. The effect will be some custom properties in your object. They are editable by the properties dialog and will be loaded and saved with your diagram. To programatically access them use `"custom:<name>"`

## The Sheet description

You can put several shapes in one sheet: the shapes you create or any other shape or object "belonging" to other sheets.

A simple sheet file may look something as this:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <sheet xmlns="http://www.lysator.liu.se/~alla/dia/dia-sheet-ns">
      <name>Circuit with identifiers</name>
      <name xml:lang="es">Circuito con identificadores</name>
      <description>Components for circuit diagrams</description>
      <description xml:lang="es">Componentes para diagramas de circuitos
      </description>
      <contents>
        <object name="Circuit with identifiers - NPN Transistor">
         <description>A bipolar npn transistor</description>
         <description xml:lang="es">Un transistor bipolar npn identificable
         </description>
        </object>
        <object name="UML - Objet">
         <description>An UML object</description>
         <description xml:lang="es">Un objeto UML</description>
        </object>
       </contents>
    </sheet>

## How Dia helps to create and manage sheets and shapes.

You can use Dia with its available elements to draw a shape and then export it to a shape file, by using File (of diagram) Export By extension Shape .

But until now, this shapes don't have any text box. (They are expected to manage some svg:text but not a text box). If you need one, you can edit the file.

Together with the shape file, you get a png file (after accepting the proposed size) which can be used for the shape's icon.

By using File(of principal menu) Sheets and Objects you can create new sheets; and add, remove and parcially edit shapes; and copy or move shapes from one sheet to other.

## Design Notes

The custom shape code is designed so that a sheet of objects can be self contained in a single directory. Installing new shapes can be as easy as untaring a .tar.gz file to ~/.dia/shapes or $(prefix)/share/dia/shapes, with the sheet description going to ~/.dia/sheets

If you have any suggestions for this code, please tell me.

James Henstridge james@daa.com.au with some modifications written by Dolores Alia de Saravia loli@unsa.edu.ar